Barbara Köhler’s Reimagined Odyssey: A Folio

Newly translated selections from Niemands Frau (No One’s Woman)

 

by Monika Cassel and Christopher Nelson

 

Barbara Köhler (1959–2021) was a German poet who authored a dozen books. She is regarded as one of the most important voices of German poetry in the past half century. Allusive and linguistically rich, her poetry eschewed many of the expected markers of clarity, like punctuation and capitalization, in favor of a wilder syntax and an embrace of ambiguity, and, importantly, in favor of a kind of serious playfulness.

Arguably Köhler’s most important book is Niemands Frau (No One’s Woman), published in 2007 by Suhrkamp Verlag, the book from which the poems in this folio are drawn. In it she reimagines the Odyssey from the perspective of its female characters: Penelope, Circe, the Sirens, Calypso, Helen, Ino-Leukothea, et al. “No One,” of course, is what Odysseus tells Polyphemus—the Cyclops he and his men recently blinded—when he is asked his name. Employing this pun in the title of the book, Köhler begins right away her critique of the traditional portrayal of women as objects for the male heroes of literature, who have the “important” stories. Köhler’s remarkable accomplishment is not only to sustain this critique through complex and layered allusions but to do so by making wild and surprising the language that houses those stories—syntax, grammar, and diction are presented with inventive lyricism. In her hands, like Penelope at her loom, Köhler manipulates the very fabric of language to unsettle the male order and tradition. Such is the book’s prescience that reflections on—and fresh possibilities for—gender relationships, power, and embodiment permeate the work and read as contemporaneous in 2026.

As part of the Stephen Mitchell Translation Series, Green Linden Press will publish Köhler’s Niemands Frau in English in early 2028, translated by Monika Cassel and Christopher Nelson; the book is supported by a grant from the Goethe-Institut. It will be the first of Köhler’s books to be brought into English, which is surprising, perhaps, given her wide acclaim. Köhler is said to have considered her poetry to be untranslatable, but one could argue the same of Beckett and Stein, whose works she brought into German. The difficulties of translating Köhler are manifold; not only does she make layered, complex, and sustained allusions, but she does so with inventive and clever manipulations of language and syntax. In German, for example, “Sie” can mean she, they, or you. Köhler exploits this ambiguity to destabilize and multiply meaning, resulting at times in a catalog of mythological women and female monsters—Penelope, Circe, Calypso, Scylla, the Sirens, et al— functioning as a sort of ragtag but mystically unified panoply. Coinage, idiom, and phrases from other languages add to the difficulty of translating her work.

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“Autopilot” is the second poem in the collection. Here Köhler establishes some of her primary motifs: ghostly voices, oracularity, technology as an interface between the living and the dead, a mashup of present and past. Throughout No One’s Woman, Köhler conflates history and myth, as can be seen in the parallels between the burning of Troy and the attacks of September 11, 2001, but true to her style of mind, meaning is never singular. As when searching rubble after the destructions of the past, language and image are found, not only broken and unreliable, but fractaling into the possibility of newness, of re-emergence. (Poems in the original German included at the end.)

AUTOPILOT

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN THIS IS YOUR CAPTAIN
WELCOME ABOARD THIS IS MY VOICE MY SELF
I AM THE VOICEBOX I AM THE PILOT THE AUTO
PILOT I AM THE MACHINE. WELCOME WELL COME

Troy lies behind us: a rubble mountain a broken image-heap corpse fields in ancient language strata babylonian fragments a collapsed syntax a pile of meanings behind us Babel another horizon of destruction you see: Troy’s FALLING TOWERS the target approach in real time the impact to see oneself in endless loop KEEP YOUR SEATBELTS FASTENED & to hear oneself in it stick to the data turn off electronic devices & leave leave yourself get hold of yourself hold on to the edge stick to the instructions: hold still we’re nearing an event horizon the eighth circle of hell we enter we’re in an emergency: THINK WE, DESCARTES?

and what? farflung regions of abandoned foretime & dead materials that speak as the earth curves the sea to sky all blurring rivers glistening iced snowheld fossilized rockflows a cloudless nothing in flighttime endlessness in the voice Echo’s voices from loud speakers in headphones scraps of what was spoken debrided word-tissue undated text/ urtext what tells us what we say what to say what does she say Francesca da Rimini: per

l’aer perso l’aer maligno the dark air that carries us through in which we fly in which we are wind winding in hell’s wide second circle too far for two that day we read PER ME SI VA NELLA CITTA DOLENTE and read no further gave no reasons only images: fire & air the world as imagination and a will or two. Confused voices spoke a few dark pixels far from every cry &

fell hand in hand it could be seen do you remember? no. THE PERSON YOU HAVE CALLED IS NOT AVAILABLE: PLEASE HOLD THE LINE in the scratchy crackling of old recordings silvery the graying a hand of dust pale-brown pale-gray photos bleached the then over forever almost speechless almost lost only remnant voices the faded voice lively on the answering machine the light falls silent THIS IS YOUR CAPTAIN SPEAKING: THANK YOU FOR FLYING LIMBO AIR something unanswered between the dead letters a mot à mot a motion an emotion remains of yesterday’s gestures the gone the ghosts silence whispering & the things they say almost unintelligibly I

THROUGH ME THE WAY INTO THE SUFFERING CITY
THROUGH ME THE WAY TO ETERNAL PAIN THROUGH
ME THE WAY THAT RUNS AMONG THE LOST…
AND NOW WE’RE READY FOR TAKEOFF

~

No One’s Woman has two poems featuring Alan Turing (1912–1954), widely regarded as the father of computer science and artificial intelligence, “Turning / Turing” and “Dead Man’s Chess.” Turing, an English mathematician, designed a machine to break German codes during the second world war. He is said to be responsible for saving millions of lives and shortening the War—a hero of immeasurable impact. And yet, he was prosecuted for being gay and was forced into chemical castration. He died two years later of cyanide poisoning, possibly by suicide. Turing, for Köhler, is a nightmare symbol: the visionary genius hero who is too much an other—too wise, too godlike, too multifaceted—for the social order to bear. Of course there is more than one allusive level in these poems: Köhler also brings in chess and Deep Blue (the first AI program that could beat a grandmaster) and Dolly, the famous cloned sheep, to present a reality where powers previously only available to the divine are now in human hands (and minds).

TURNING/TURING

In Hades: in the shadows: voices. Voices and names. Voices that name names voices that say I. That say: I will. Will not. Not I. Being I. Not being. Not-I. Will I. I will. Echo’s echolalic la-la Echo Lot’s wife who looks back gives him to his image she again and again turned to stone turned toward the inevitable the inverted: TURNING TURNING. TURNING TO STONE. TURNING.

Eye to eye with Lot’s nameless wife she turns turns she turns Medusa wrings her neck wrenches her head & she fades from she and self & other selfother eachother Echo an other otherwise a slow slow walz a turning while falling a babbling: SALOMEDUSA MEDUSALOME Amor à Morphe M.Orpheus Eurydice turns around & around Echo the invisible the one of stone the riddle the Sphinx the Enigma: TURNING TURNING. TURNING. TURNING TO STONE.

The woman and the monster the beauty the animal Siren Scylla Gorgon: hybrids from the gen- gene- the a-logical laboratory at the end of all experiments a babbling resounding to all an alien Alan Mathison Turing the test case the scientist condemned to “heal” “deviant” sexual behavior with hormone therapy he grew breasts: ALIEN TIRESIAS TURING. Want — Want not — Not-I — I. TURNING. TURNING TO STONE. TURNING TURNING.

WRITING ON exiled miswritten bodies shadows in the chatroom — the I-function tends toward zero and literally crosses out the here and now deletes her from the scripture blank space instead of knowing from the tree Eve’s apple Snow White hands it to Teiresias who knows too much to know more: apple + Z, it used to be Omega: command UNDO. ERROR & delete. Then noise, white TURNING TO STONE. TURNING TURNING. TURNING.

DEAD MAN’S CHESS

MAYDAY MAYDAY a castaway cryptanalyst in a fortune teller’s tent Alan Turing in Blackpool & outside his psychoanalyst waits white knight on the black rank white in check and no wiser white has a decision problem how can you know things will ever end unless you end them yourself thought forever into the endless blue of sky: nothing new blueblue under the sun the depth the DEEP BLUE kyáneos cyan cyanide Calypso nightskylike blackblue tips of fingers toes tongue reddened the beautiful the dancer many-armed Kali night queen what did Madame Sosostris say about the halting problem the program has a foreseeable end a deadly dose MAYDAY the spring in which Turing resigns & a riddle

he remains with twice sixteen figures on the dead man’s chest and overlooked perpetual check in the second game MAYDAY the spring Kasparov tips his king the first spring of the manmade lamb he’s given the final blow MAYDAY souls aren’t saved in our day only remaindered  and sold off: EVERYTHING MUST GO & who hears in the white noise three short three long three short three times three signs too little material for crypt & for psycho analysts too monotone just two and those not complete those inconsistent 1 or 0 not true & false not black & white where one wins by another’s losing white black MAYDAY MAYDAY time for shipwreck for I do have a heart the color of which the blind man speaks all we do not see, of which we can only speak I REMEMBER: MYSELF DARKLY there was a halting problem was

the soul dear and un dying a promise was the word the flesh the conceivable the feasible the utter able in the end a misspeaking — blue prints the body copied CYANCE FICTION the endless holding pattern double helix unstable in the eighth circle of hell & I can’t hold you she said I can only hold you can’t let go of you said she & can only let you go: can you open can you solve it can you go can you, can you go so the calculations open like a door onto the untrodden the lovely blue night canopy dark abdominal wall neath which sleep pulses rolls and in waves something black, a ship —

the rest is human error and failure, sold it filmed it squandered it away: GAME OVER the dream’s done Goonight May. Goonight. HELLO HELL O DOLLY HELLO

~

As in the Odyssey, Hades is an important setting in No One’s Woman. In “Hades : The Reading : Hades” Köhler reimagines Odysseus’s visit to hell and his consultation with Teiresias, the blind prophet, about how he might get back to Ithaca. After that fateful and brief encounter, Odysseus speaks to his dead mother, who tells him about Penelope’s faithfulness and distress and the siege of suitors. She tells him about his son, Telemachus, having grown into a man and how he is successfully managing his affairs. She tells him about his father, Laertes, and his pathetic poverty, that he wears rags and sleeps in the vineyard on a pile of vines. The son is a father; the father a son. And she tells him that it was her sorrow over his absence that killed her.

HADES : THE READING : HADES

The underworld of the story that’s the hell of women FAMILY OF MAN the mafia of mothers sisters aunts brides of the step- and half- and in-law and illegal godmothers of the shadow market Circe and Ino who pull the strings and obscure seemingly discreet and obliging unnamed among the summoned names and everything clearly begins with mama elusive shadow the dream of the son: being without a father and to be and be No One’s son property who steps from the shadows self commanding & understandably enlightened cut free from the tangle of relations no net nothing incriminating: the patrilineal brought into line upon which you can count recount the intelligible the legible the legitimate what counts: A MAN IS HIS WORD a son a father an

abstraction that needs to be fixed impossible without being written down & conveyed convincingly evinced who was it fathered forth TRUST NO WOMAN these sinister maternal machinations that make a mockery of you a bastard of Sisyphus who rolls the stone & is overwhelmed by it a pawn in the residue between below and above a son condemned to hell by a dubious father: sets him to face the steep incline shifts the burden gifts THE STONE obscures the inscription of fatherhood deems himself legitimate wears the sheep’s pelt and clings to the underside of the ram son of man gets away gets away with it this time too holds himself to the line PLEASE HOLD THE LINE stares:

the sheep all look like their names are Dolly whether black or white shadow & all gray those for sacrifice this line of 14 disparate names that seem to have nothing to say but wife of: mother of: fathered by which god & nothing to do with each other none has her own script her own kin but all unnamed connected concatenated related they are THE NET the mothers mothers do they make you shudder my son don’t you have a sister what was her name not a word of her no clue his brother-in-law next to him He holds on to HIS her he who has the say says he is. she not: they are. HIS. Sacrifices? Are they? Is was. Were they. Were You: once? True they were: were commodities WHILE WE TRY TO CONNECT YOU WHILE WE TRY TO CONNECT YOU WHILE WE TRY TO CONNECT…

~

Drawing inspiration from Penelope’s sustained act of creation and deconstruction, Köhler crafted a poem sequence that challenges the rationalist and patriarchal systems that the Odyssey has historically been employed to reinforce. (Interestingly, Köhler had a background in textile work before becoming a poet and translator.) Her book encourages readers to critically reassess inherited narratives marked by domination, violence, and subjugation, while envisioning a present and future centered on lived experience and shared human value, one that isn’t necessarily linear and one that certainly isn’t hierarchical. Plus, it is also a fun, trippy ride.

 

The original German

AUTOPILOT

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN THIS IS YOUR CAPTAIN
WELCOME ON BOARD THIS IS MY VOICE MY SELF
I AM THE VOICEBOX I AM THE PILOT THE AUTO
PILOT I AM THE MACHINE. WELCOME WELL COME

Troja liegt hinter uns: ein trümmerhaufen bilderberg ein totenacker in einer ältren sprachschicht babylonisches zitat ein ein gestürzter satzbau sinngestapel von Babel liegt hinter uns ein weiterer zerstörungs horizont sie sehen: Trojas FALLING TOWERS den echtzeitzielanflug den einschlag sich in der endlosschleife KEEP YOUR SEATBELTS FASTENED sehen & hören halten sie sich an die daten schalten sie die elektronischen geräte aus & verlassen sie sich verlassen sie: sich & halten sie sich fest den rand sich an die anweisungen: halten sie still wir nähern uns einem ereignishorizont dem achten kreis der hölle wir treten ein wir sind im ernstfall: DENKEN WIR, DESCARTES?

und was? entlegene gegenden vergangenheit en & verlassenschaften totes material das spricht wie: sich die erde wölbt das meer dem himmel zu verschwimmen flüsse glänzen vereist verschneit versteinert felsströme ein wolkenloses nichts im fluge zeit ewig keit in der stimme Echos stimmen aus laut sprechern in kopfhörern wortfetzen gewebe reste undatierter texturtext was sagt uns was wir sagen was sagen was sagt sie Fran

cesca da Rimini: per l’aer perso l’aer ma ligno die dunkle luft die uns trägt durch die wir fliegen die wir sind wind im wind im weiten zweiten höllenkreis zu zweit zu weit an jenem tage lasen wir PER ME SI VA NELLA CITTA DOLENTE lasen nicht weiter es gab keinen grund nur bilder: feuer & luft die welt als vorstellung und einen willen oder zwei. Verwirrte stimmen sprachen ein paar dunkle pixel weit von jedem schrei &

fielen hand in hand es war zu sehn. weisst du noch? nein. THE PERSON YOU HAVE CALLED IS NOT AVAILABLE: PLEASE HOLD THE LINE im knistern kratzen rauschen alter aufnahmen silbrig das graun in einer handvoll staub den braun- und grautönen lichtbilder fast verblasst vorbei für immer fast sprachlos fast verloren nur diese reste von stimmen der verblichenen stimme lebhaft auf einem anrufbeantworter das licht verstummt YOUR CAPTAIN IS SPEAKING: THANK YOU FOR FLYING LIMBO AIR unerwidertes zwischen den toten buchstaben ein du mot à mot a motion eine emotion reste von gesten gestern geistern des untotes flüstern stille & es sprechen die dinge sie sagen kaum verständlich ich

THROUGH ME THE WAY INTO THE SUFFERING CITY
THROUGH ME THE WAY TO THE ETERNAL PAIN TH
ROUGH ME THE WAY THAT RUNS AMONG THE LOST
……..AND NOW WE ARE READY FOR TAKE-OFF

 

TURNING/TURING

Im Hades: im schatten: stimmen. Stimmen und namen. Stimmen die namen nennen stimmen die Ich sagen. Die sagen: Ich will. Will nicht. Nicht Ich. Ich sein. Sein nicht. Nicht-Ich. Will ich. Ich will. Echos echolalien lallen Echo Lots weib die zurück sieht ihn an sein bild gibt sie wieder und wieder versteinert dem unabwendbaren zugewandt dem verkehrten: TURNING TURNING. TURNING TO STONE. TURNING.

Auge in auge mit Lots namenloser frau dreht sie dreht sich dreht ihr Medusa den hals um den kopf verdreht sie & ihr vergeht sie und selbst & anders selbander einander Echo ein ander anders ein langsamer langsamer walzer ein drehen im fallen ein lallen: SALOMEDUSA MEDUSALOME Amor à Morphe M.Orpheus Eurydike dreht sich um & um Echo die unsichtbare die steinerne das rätsel die Sphinx the Enigma: TURNING TURNING. TURNING. TURNING TO STONE.

Die frau und die bestie die schöne das tierdie Sirene die Skylla die Gorgo: kreuzungen aus dem gen- gene- dem -alogischen labor am ende aller versuchsreihen ein lallen hallen allen a alien Alan Mathison Turing der test fall wissenschaftler verurteilt zur heilung von abweichendem sexualverhalten zur hormon therapie wuchsen ihm brüste: ALIEN TIRESIAS TURING. Will – Will nicht – NichtIch – Ich. TURNING. TURNING TO STONE. TURNING TURNING.

FORTSCHRIFT vertriebne verschriebene leiber schatten im chatroom – die Ichfunktion geht gegen null und buchstäblich durchkreuzt sie das hier das jetzt streicht sie aus schrift stellen leerstellen der erkenntnis vom baum der apfel Evas Schneewittchen reicht ihn an Teiresias weiter der zuviel weiss um weiter zu wissen: apfel + z, ehemals Omega: befehl UNDO. ERROR & löschen. Dann rauschen, weiss TURNING TO STONE. TURNING TURNING. TURNING.

DEAD MAN’S CHESS

MAYDAY MAYDAY ein kryptoanalytiker im zelt der gipsyqueen Alan Turing gestrandet in Blackpool & draussen sein psychoanalytiker white knight auf der schwarzen grundlinie weiss steht im schach weiss nicht weiter weiss hat ein entscheidungsproblem wie kann man wissen dass die dinge je irgendein ende haben wenn du es ihnen nicht selbst bereitest denkt es sich immer so weiter ins endlos ins blaue vom himmel: nichts neues blueblue unter der sonne die tiefe blau DEEP BLUE zyan kyáneos zyanka lypso nachthimmlische blauschwarze fingerspitzen zehen zungenröte die schöne die tänzerin vielarmig Kali königin der nacht was sagte madame Sosostris zum halteproblem das pro gramm hat ein absehbares ende eine tödliche dosis MAYDAY der frühling in dem Turing aufgibt & ein rätsel seines bleibt bei zweimal sechzehn figuren auf des toten mannes kiste und ein übersehenes dauerschach in der zweiten partie MAYDAY frühlingin dem Kasparov aufgibt dem ersten frühling des menschenlamms gibt er den rest MAYDAY seelen werden heut nicht mehr gerettet nur restposten noch verschachert: ALLES MUSS RAUS & wer hört im weissen rauschen auf drei kurz drei lang drei kurz drei mal drei zeichen zu wenig material für krypto- & für psychoanalytiker zu eintönig bloß zwei und nichtmal die vollständig & widerspruchsfrei 1 oder 0 nicht wahr & falsch nicht schwarz-weiss in dem einer gewinnt indem einer verliert weiss schwarz MAYDAY MAYDAY zeit für schiffbruch nämlich ich hab ein herz die farbe von der der blinde spricht all das was wir nicht sehen, wovon wir nur sprechen können ICH ERINNERE: MICH DUNKEL es gab ein halteproblem gab die liebe seele ein versprechen un sterblich war das wort das fleisch das denkbare das machbare das bare schließlich eine versprache – blue prints körperkopien CYANCE FICTION die endlos-warteschleife haltloses doppel helix im achten höllenkreis & ich kann dich nicht halten sagte sie ich kann dich nur halten, kann dich nicht lassen sagte sie & kann dich nur lassen: kannst du das auf kannst du es lösen kannst du gehen kannst du das kannst du gehen geht auch die rechnung auf wie eine tür in unbegangnes in lieblicher bläue ein nachtgewölbe dunkel bauchdecke unter der schlaf pulst dümpelt und in wellen ein schwarzes ein schiff

–                                                                      –

der rest ist menschliches versagen und verraten und verkauft verfilmt verspielt: GAME OVER aus der traum Goonight May. Goonight. HELLO HELL O DOLLY HELLO

HADES : LEKTÜRE : HADES

Die unterwelt der story also hölle der frauen FAMILY OF MAN die mafia der mütter schwestern tanten bräute der stief- und schwieger- halb- und illegal patinnen der schattenwirtschaft Kirke und Ino die fäden ziehn verschleiern und diskret verbindlich wirken zwischen den aufgebotnen namen ungenannt und deutlich beginnt alles mit mama einem ungreifbaren schatten dem traum des sohnes: ohne vater zu sein und sein und Niemands sohn sein eigentum der aus dem schatten tritt selbst & verständlich aufgeklärt entbunden aus verwickelten verwandtschaften kein netz nur nichts verfängliches: auf linie gebracht die patrilinie worauf sich zählen erzählen lässt das einfache das lesbare das legitime was zählt: EIN MANN EIN WORT ein sohn ein vater eine

abstraktion das geht nicht ohne schrift das muss man festhalten & überliefern überzeugend bezeugen wer da zeugte TRAU KEINER FRAU diesen sinistren mutter- und machenschaften die dich zum spott machen zum bastard des Sisyphos zum beispiel der der diesen stein wälzt & davon immer wieder überrumpelt wird ein spielstein in der differenz von unten & oben ein sohn der einen zweifelhaften vater geschickt zur hölle schickt: ihn auf dem steilen abweg aufwärts wirkungsvoll plaziert er die bürde TURNING THE STONE abwälzt die inschrift der vaterschaft unleserlich macht sich damit legitim sich festklammert im schafspelz unterm widder son of man entkommt entkommt auch diesmal hält sich an eine an die linie PLEASE HOLD THE LINE blickt unverwandt:

die schafe sehen alle aus als ob sie Dolly hießen ob schwarz ob weiss schatten & alle grau die opfertiere diese reihe 14 disparater namen die scheinbar nichts zu sagen haben als frau von: mutter von: von welchem gott begattet & miteinander nichts zu schaffen keine von ihnen hat eigenen text eigne verwandtschaft aber alle ungenannt versippt verknüpft verbunden sind sie DAS NETZ die mütter mütter schauderts dich mein sohn hast du nicht eine schwester wie hieß die keine rede von ihr null ahnung steht sein schwager neben ihm Er hält sich an die eine SEINE er der das wort hat sagt er ist. sie nicht: sie sind. SEINE. Sind opfer? Sind es? Ist war. War Es. Waren Sie: einmal? Wahr ist sie waren: waren & handelten WHILE WE TRY TO CONNECT YOU

WHILE WE TRY TO CONNECT YOU WHILE WE TRY TO CONNECT…

Barbara Köhler (1959–2021) was a German poet who authored a dozen books. She is regarded as one of the most important voices of German poetry in the past half century, and she received numerous accolades for her work, including the Peter Huchel Prize, the Clemens von Brentano Prize, and the Alice Salomon Poetry Prize. She was also an acclaimed translator, bringing into German works by Gertrude Stein and Samuel Beckett, for which she received the Erlangen Literature Prize for Poetry in Translation.

Monika Cassel is the translator of Portolan by Daniela Danz (University of Nebraska, 2027). Her translations have appeared recently in AGNI, Adroit Journal, Orion, The Georgia Review, Poetry Daily, and Best Literary Translations, among others. She was awarded POETRY Magazine’s 2024 John Frederick Nims Memorial Prize for Translation and received fellowships from the American Literary Translators Association and Vermont Studio Center. She holds a PhD in comparative literature from the University of Michigan and an MFA in poetry at Warren Wilson College, is an assistant poetry editor for Four Way Review, and lives in Portland, Oregon.
Christopher Nelson is the author of Snowlight (JackLeg Press, 2027), Blood Aria (University of Wisconsin Press, 2021), and six chapbooks, including Blue House, for which he received a New American Poets Fellowship from the Poetry Society of America. A recipient of the Amy Lowell Traveling Scholarship, he is the founding editor of Green Linden Press, a nonprofit publisher dedicated to poetic excellence and reforestation. He has edited two anthologies, Essential Voices: Poetry of Iran and Its Diaspora—recipient of a Midwest Book Award—and Essential Queer Voices of U.S. Poetry. Visit christophernelson.info.